Mitigating CVE-2016-4437: Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in Apache ActiveMQ
Tech Stack: Apache ActiveMQ (Message Broker)
Date(s) Issued:
- Published: June 10, 2016
- Last Modified: August 8, 2018
Criticality:
- CVSS Score: 9.8 (Critical)
- Impact: Exploitation allows an attacker to achieve remote code execution on the Apache ActiveMQ server, potentially leading to full system compromise.
Overview:
CVE-2016-4437 is a critical remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in Apache ActiveMQ, versions 5.x. The vulnerability arises from an insecure configuration of the Jolokia monitoring servlet in ActiveMQ. If the servlet is exposed without proper authentication or access controls, an attacker can invoke arbitrary Java classes and execute malicious code.
Affected Versions:
- Apache ActiveMQ: Versions prior to 5.14.0
Exploitation Method:
An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by:
- Accessing the Jolokia endpoint (commonly
/api/jolokia).
- Crafting requests to invoke arbitrary classes or methods on the server.
- Executing malicious code, potentially gaining control of the ActiveMQ instance and underlying system.
Solution/Mitigation:
1. Upgrade:
The primary mitigation is to upgrade Apache ActiveMQ to a secure version:
- Upgrade to Apache ActiveMQ 5.14.0 or later.
This version introduces security improvements to the Jolokia servlet configuration.
2. Secure the Jolokia Endpoint:
If upgrading is not immediately feasible, secure the Jolokia endpoint:
- Disable the Jolokia servlet unless it is explicitly required.
- Restrict access to the Jolokia endpoint using firewall rules or reverse proxies.
- Enable authentication for the servlet by modifying the
jetty.xml configuration file. Add an authentication mechanism like Basic Authentication.
3. Harden ActiveMQ Configuration:
- Configure access controls to restrict administrative operations.
- Use the
jetty-restrictive configuration template to minimize exposure.
- Bind the ActiveMQ service to localhost or a secure network interface.
4. Use a Web Application Firewall (WAF):
Deploy a WAF to block suspicious requests targeting the Jolokia endpoint. Look for payloads that invoke unauthorized methods or classes.
5. Monitor and Audit Logs:
- Enable detailed logging for ActiveMQ.
- Regularly audit logs for suspicious activity, especially unauthorized Jolokia access attempts.
Verification:
Verify Upgrade:
After upgrading, confirm the ActiveMQ version:
Ensure it matches 5.14.0 or later.
Test Endpoint Security:
Attempt to access the Jolokia endpoint (e.g., http://<activemq-host>:8161/api/jolokia). Verify that:
- The endpoint is inaccessible or requires authentication.
- Only authorized users have access.
Review Logs:
Check ActiveMQ logs for any unauthorized access attempts or unusual activity post-mitigation.
Additional Information:
